91Ë¿¹ÏÊÓƵ

Minor Concentration African Studies (18 credits)

Offered by: Inst for the St of Development     Degree: Bachelor of Arts

Program Requirements

The Minor Concentration African Studies is available for those students majoring in a discipline of the Faculty of Arts who wish to acquire interdisciplinary knowledge of Africa.

This program may be expanded to the Major Concentration African Studies.

Required Courses (6 credits)

  • AFRI 200 Introduction to African Studies (3 credits)

    Offered by: Inst for the St of Development (Faculty of Arts)

    Overview

    African Studies : The African experience and current approaches to African studies, through adopting multidisciplinary perspectives on topics that include political conflict, governance and democratization, environment and conservation, economic development, rural life and urbanism, health and illness, gender, social change, popular culture, literature, film, and the arts.

    Terms: Winter 2016

    Instructors: Soske, Jon (Winter)

  • AFRI 598 Research Seminar in African Studies (3 credits)

    Offered by: Inst for the St of Development (Faculty of Arts)

    Overview

    African Studies : An interdisciplinary research seminar on topics of common interest to staff and students of the African Studies Program. As part of their contribution, students will prepare a research paper under the supervision of one or more members of staff.

    Terms: Winter 2016

    Instructors: Barber, Nicholas (Winter)

    • Prerequisite: an introductory course in any of the disciplines studying Africa

    • Restriction: Open to final year Program students, and to others by permission of Program Adviser

Complementary Courses (12 credits)

12 credits selected as follows:

3 credits from the Group A or "core" course list and

9 credits from the Group B course list drawn from at least 2 disciplines with no more than 6 credits from any one discipline.

If courses listed below are not available in any particular year, modifications to the program may be made with the approval of the program adviser.

Students who wish to obtain program credit for other courses with African content should seek approval from the Program Adviser. African content may be found in certain courses offered in Islamic Studies and Religious Studies.

Group A

3 credits from:

  • ANTH 322 Social Change in Modern Africa (3 credits)

    Offered by: Anthropology (Faculty of Arts)

    Overview

    Anthropology : The impact of colonialism on African societies; changing families, religion, arts; political and economic transformation; migration, urbanization, new social categories; social stratification; the social setting of independence and neo-colonialism; continuity, stagnation, and progressive change.

    Terms: Fall 2015

    Instructors: Glassco, Jennifer (Fall)

  • HIST 200 Introduction to African History (3 credits)

    Offered by: History and Classical Studies (Faculty of Arts)

    Overview

    History : This course stresses the interactions of the peoples of Africa with each other and with the worlds of Europe and Islam from the Iron Age to the European Conquest in 1880.

    Terms: This course is not scheduled for the 2015-2016 academic year.

    Instructors: There are no professors associated with this course for the 2015-2016 academic year.

    • Restriction: Not open to students who have taken 101-200D

  • HIST 201 Modern African History (3 credits)

    Offered by: History and Classical Studies (Faculty of Arts)

    Overview

    History : While covering the general political history of Africa in the twentieth century, this course also explores such themes as health and disease, gender, and urbanization.

    Terms: This course is not scheduled for the 2015-2016 academic year.

    Instructors: There are no professors associated with this course for the 2015-2016 academic year.

    • Restriction: Not open to students who have taken 101-200D

  • POLI 324 Developing Areas/Africa (3 credits)

    Offered by: Political Science (Faculty of Arts)

    Overview

    Political Science : The government and politics of African states south of the Sahara with reference to the ideological and institutional setting as influenced by the forces of tradition and the impact of Western colonialism.

    Terms: Fall 2015

    Instructors: Medani, Khalid (Fall)

    • Prerequisite: A basic course in Comparative Politics or a course on the region or written permission of the instructor

    • Note: The area in the field of Comparative Politics is Developing Areas.

Group B

9 credits from the Group B course lists below drawn from at least 2 disciplines with no more than 6 credits from any one discipline.

African Studies

  • AFRI 401 Swahili Language and Culture (3 credits)

    Offered by: Inst for the St of Development (Faculty of Arts)

    Overview

    African Studies : Basic knowledge of the Swahili language and culture with emphasis on handling circumstances that might be encountered in field research: everyday conversation, developing aural and oral skills and mastering basic grammar rules, understanding cultural norms and practices, issues of culture sensitivity and appropriateness.

    Terms: Fall 2015

    Instructors: Ngaira, Angela (Fall)

    • Note: Priority to students in the African Studies Program and/or participants of the Canadian Field Studies in Africa program and to students with a demonstrable need related to internship or research. Approval by African Studies Program Adviser required.

  • AFRI 480 Honours Thesis (3 credits)

    Offered by: Inst for the St of Development (Faculty of Arts)

    Overview

    African Studies : Supervised reading, research and preparation of an undergraduate thesis under the direction of a staff member.

    Terms: Fall 2015

    Instructors: Medani, Khalid (Fall)

    • Prerequisite: the completion of all available courses relevant to the topic, and permission of the instructor and Program Adviser prior to registration

    • Restriction(s): Open only to Joint Honours students.

  • AFRI 481 Special Topics 1 (3 credits)

    Offered by: Inst for the St of Development (Faculty of Arts)

    Overview

    African Studies : Supervised reading in advanced special topics in African Studies under the direction of a member of staff.

    Terms: Summer 2016

    Instructors: Soske, Jon (Summer)

    • Prerequisite: the completion of all available courses relevant to the topic, and permission of the instructor and Program Adviser prior to registration

  • AFRI 499 Arts Internships: African Studies (3 credits)

    Offered by: Inst for the St of Development (Faculty of Arts)

    Overview

    African Studies : Internship with an approved host institution or organization.

    Terms: Fall 2015

    Instructors: There are no professors associated with this course for the 2015-2016 academic year.

    • Note: U2 and U3 students in good standing, normally after completing 30 credits of a 90-credit program or 45 credits of a 96-120 credit program, a minimum CGPA of 2.7, and permission from the departmental Internship Adviser. This course will normally not fulfill program requirements for seminar or 400-level courses.

  • HIST 486D1 Topics: African Social History 1 (3 credits)

    Offered by: History and Classical Studies (Faculty of Arts)

    Overview

    History : Topics in African social history. This is an Honours seminar during which students will be expected to write a major research paper.

    Terms: This course is not scheduled for the 2015-2016 academic year.

    Instructors: There are no professors associated with this course for the 2015-2016 academic year.

  • HIST 486D2 Topics: African Social History 1 (3 credits)

    Offered by: History and Classical Studies (Faculty of Arts)

    Overview

    History : See HIST 486D1 for course description.

    Terms: This course is not scheduled for the 2015-2016 academic year.

    Instructors: There are no professors associated with this course for the 2015-2016 academic year.

    • Prerequisite: HIST 486D1

    • No credit will be given for this course unless both HIST 486D1 and HIST 486D2 are successfully completed in consecutive terms

Anthropology

  • ANTH 212 Anthropology of Development (3 credits)

    Offered by: Anthropology (Faculty of Arts)

    Overview

    Anthropology : Processes of developmental change, as they affect small communities in the Third World and in unindustrialized parts of developed countries. Problems of technological change, political integration, population growth, industrialization, urban growth, social services, infrastructure and economic dependency.

    Terms: Winter 2016, Summer 2016

    Instructors: McAllister, Karen Elisabeth (Winter) McAllister, Karen Elisabeth (Summer)

    • Winter

  • ANTH 301 Nomadic Pastoralists (3 credits)

    Offered by: Anthropology (Faculty of Arts)

    Overview

    Anthropology : Variations in herding systems over a wide range of habitats and involving a variety of species of domestic livestock. Comparative perspectives on the prehistory of pastoral systems, on the ideologies, cultures, and social and economic systems of nomadic pastoralists. Relations with non-pastoralists and the effects of change and development will also be examined.

    Terms: Fall 2015

    Instructors: Salzman, Philip Carl (Fall)

  • ANTH 322 Social Change in Modern Africa (3 credits)

    Offered by: Anthropology (Faculty of Arts)

    Overview

    Anthropology : The impact of colonialism on African societies; changing families, religion, arts; political and economic transformation; migration, urbanization, new social categories; social stratification; the social setting of independence and neo-colonialism; continuity, stagnation, and progressive change.

    Terms: Fall 2015

    Instructors: Glassco, Jennifer (Fall)

  • ANTH 411 Primate Studies & Conservation (3 credits)

    Offered by: Anthropology (Faculty of Arts)

    Overview

    Anthropology : Critical evaluation of theories in primate behaviour, ecology, and conservation that emphasizes direct observations, research design, and developing field methods.

    Terms: This course is not scheduled for the 2015-2016 academic year.

    Instructors: There are no professors associated with this course for the 2015-2016 academic year.

    • Winter

    • Prerequisite: One course in Anthropology, Geography or Environmental Studies, Introductory Biology, or permission of the instructor.

    • Restriction: Students must have completed at least two full semesters at their home university. Only open to students in the Canadian Field Studies in Africa program.

  • ANTH 416 Environment/Development: Africa (3 credits)

    Offered by: Anthropology (Faculty of Arts)

    Overview

    Anthropology : Study of environmental effects of development in East Africa, especially due to changes in traditional land tenure and resource use across diverse ecosystems. Models, policies and cases of pastoralist, agricultural, fishing, wildlife and tourist development will be examined, across savanna, desert, forest, highland and coastal environments.

    Terms: This course is not scheduled for the 2015-2016 academic year.

    Instructors: There are no professors associated with this course for the 2015-2016 academic year.

    • Winter

    • Restriction: Open only to students in the Study in Africa program, a full-term field study program in East Africa

    • Prerequisite: One prior course in Anthropology, Geography or Environmental Studies

Economics

  • ECON 208 Microeconomic Analysis and Applications (3 credits)

    Offered by: Economics (Faculty of Arts)

    Overview

    Economics (Arts) : A university-level introduction to demand and supply, consumer behaviour, production theory, market structures and income distribution theory.

    Terms: Fall 2015, Winter 2016, Summer 2016

    Instructors: El-Attar Vilalta, Mayssun; Japaridze, Irakli; Saillard, Adeline (Fall) Dickinson, Paul (Winter) Japaridze, Irakli (Summer)

    • Restriction: Not open to students who have taken or are taking ECON 230 or ECON 250

  • ECON 313 Economic Development 1 (3 credits)

    Offered by: Economics (Faculty of Arts)

    Overview

    Economics (Arts) : Microeconomic theories of economic development and empirical evidence on population, labour, firms, poverty. Inequality and environment.

    Terms: Fall 2015, Winter 2016, Summer 2016

    Instructors: Sen Choudhury, Eesha (Fall) Kurien, John C (Winter) Sen Choudhury, Eesha (Summer)

    • Prerequisite: ECON 208 and either ECON 209 or one development course.

    • Restriction: Not open to students who have taken 154-313D.

  • ECON 416 Topics in Economic Development 2 (3 credits)

    Offered by: Economics (Faculty of Arts)

    Overview

    Economics (Arts) : This course gives students a broad overview of the economics of developing countries. The course covers micro and macro topics, with particular emphasis on the economic analysis at the micro level.

    Terms: Fall 2015, Winter 2016

    Instructors: Amodio, Francesco (Fall) Raeburn, Kaywana (Winter)

English

* Note: Course is counted only when African materials are taught.

  • ENGL 320 Postcolonial Literature (3 credits) *

    Offered by: English (Faculty of Arts)

    Overview

    English (Arts) : A study of postcolonial literature.

    Terms: Fall 2015

    Instructors: Ownbey, Carolyn (Fall)

    • Winter

  • ENGL 352 Theories of Difference (3 credits) *

    Offered by: English (Faculty of Arts)

    Overview

    English (Arts) : Introduction to a selection of theories that have influenced thinking about difference across the humanities and social sciences, including gender, sexuality, race, class and hierarchical structures, language, religion, ethnicity, and personal identity.

    Terms: Fall 2015

    Instructors: Popescu, Monica (Fall)

    • Fall

    • Restriction: Limited to students in English Major and Honours Programs.

  • ENGL 421 African Literature (3 credits)

    Offered by: English (Faculty of Arts)

    Overview

    English (Arts) : A study of African literature.

    Terms: This course is not scheduled for the 2015-2016 academic year.

    Instructors: There are no professors associated with this course for the 2015-2016 academic year.

    • Winter

Geography

  • GEOG 216 Geography of the World Economy (3 credits)

    Offered by: Geography (Faculty of Science)

    Overview

    Geography : The course introduces the geography of the world economic system. It describes the spatial distribution of economic activities and examines the factors which influence their changing location. Case studies from both "developed" and "developing" countries will test the different geographical theories presented in lectures.

    Terms: Fall 2015

    Instructors: Coomes, Oliver T; Breau, Sebastien (Fall)

    • Fall

    • 3 hours

  • GEOG 403 Global Health and Environmental Change (3 credits)

    Offered by: Geography (Faculty of Science)

    Overview

    Geography : Major themes and contemporary case studies in global health and environmental change. Focus on understanding global trends in emerging infectious disease from social, biophysical, and geographical perspectives, and critically assessing the health implications of environmental change in different international contexts.

    Terms: This course is not scheduled for the 2015-2016 academic year.

    Instructors: There are no professors associated with this course for the 2015-2016 academic year.

  • GEOG 404 Environmental Management 2 (3 credits)

    Offered by: Geography (Faculty of Science)

    Overview

    Geography : Practical application of environmental planning, analysis and management techniques with reference to the needs and problems of developing areas. Special challenges posed by cultural differences and traditional resource systems are discussed. This course involves practical field work in a developing area (Kenya or Panama).

    Terms: This course is not scheduled for the 2015-2016 academic year.

    Instructors: There are no professors associated with this course for the 2015-2016 academic year.

    • Winter

    • 3 hours

    • Prerequisite: GEOG 302 or permission of instructor

  • GEOG 408 Geography of Development (3 credits)

    Offered by: Geography (Faculty of Science)

    Overview

    Geography : Examines the geographical dimensions of development policy, specifically the relationships between the process of development and human-induced environmental change. Focuses on environmental sustainability, struggles over resource control, population and poverty, and levels of governance (the role of the state, non-governmental organizations, and local communities).

    Terms: Fall 2015

    Instructors: Unruh, Jon (Fall)

  • GEOG 410 Geography of Underdevelopment: Current Problems (3 credits)

    Offered by: Geography (Faculty of Science)

    Overview

    Geography : An examination of the cultural, political, and economic mechanisms and manifestations of contemporary underdevelopment and the response to it from different regional and national peripheral societies within the dominant world economic system.

    Terms: This course is not scheduled for the 2015-2016 academic year.

    Instructors: There are no professors associated with this course for the 2015-2016 academic year.

    • Winter

    • 3 hours

    • Prerequisite: GEOG 216 or permission of instructor

  • GEOG 416 Africa South of the Sahara (3 credits)

    Offered by: Geography (Faculty of Science)

    Overview

    Geography : A synthetic overview of physical and cultural geography examining particularly the relation of African peoples to their landscapes, the causes and consequences of environmental changes, and the idea of sustainable development as it applies to African landscapes, resource systems and economies.

    Terms: This course is not scheduled for the 2015-2016 academic year.

    Instructors: There are no professors associated with this course for the 2015-2016 academic year.

    • Winter

    • Offered in Kenya as part of the African Field Studies semester.

History

  • HIST 200 Introduction to African History (3 credits)

    Offered by: History and Classical Studies (Faculty of Arts)

    Overview

    History : This course stresses the interactions of the peoples of Africa with each other and with the worlds of Europe and Islam from the Iron Age to the European Conquest in 1880.

    Terms: This course is not scheduled for the 2015-2016 academic year.

    Instructors: There are no professors associated with this course for the 2015-2016 academic year.

    • Restriction: Not open to students who have taken 101-200D

  • HIST 201 Modern African History (3 credits)

    Offered by: History and Classical Studies (Faculty of Arts)

    Overview

    History : While covering the general political history of Africa in the twentieth century, this course also explores such themes as health and disease, gender, and urbanization.

    Terms: This course is not scheduled for the 2015-2016 academic year.

    Instructors: There are no professors associated with this course for the 2015-2016 academic year.

    • Restriction: Not open to students who have taken 101-200D

  • HIST 381 Colonial Africa (3 credits)

    Offered by: History and Classical Studies (Faculty of Arts)

    Overview

    History : An overview of the history of foreign intervention and anticolonial resistance in 19th and 20th century Africa. Topics include: theories of colonialism, the scramble for Africa, colonialism and disease, indirect rule, labour, nationalism and resistance, and changing gender roles.

    Terms: Winter 2016

    Instructors: Yank, Tyler (Winter)

  • HIST 382 History of South Africa (3 credits)

    Offered by: History and Classical Studies (Faculty of Arts)

    Overview

    History : History of South Africa from precolonial times to the present. Topics include: precolonial societies; British and Dutch colonialism; slavery in colonial South Africa; the Zulu kingdom; mining capitalism; the Boer War; Afrikaner nationalism; apartheid; the anti-apartheid struggle; music, religion, and art; challenges of the post-apartheid state.

    Terms: Fall 2015

    Instructors: Soske, Jon (Fall)

  • HIST 413 Independent Research (3 credits)

    Offered by: History and Classical Studies (Faculty of Arts)

    Overview

    History : Exceptionally, and under the direction of a member of staff, advanced and highly qualified students who have an extensive background in the proposed area of study, may pursue this independent study.

    Terms: Fall 2015, Winter 2016, Summer 2016

    Instructors: There are no professors associated with this course for the 2015-2016 academic year.

    • Prerequisite: Written permission

    • Restriction: Open to History Major Concentration students only. Students may register in this course only once.

  • HIST 528 Indian Ocean World Slave Trade (3 credits)

    Offered by: History and Classical Studies (Faculty of Arts)

    Overview

    History : The origins, structure and impact of the Indian Ocean World slave trade from early times to the present day. Enslavement, the trading structure, slave functions, reactions to slavery, emancipation and 'slave' diaspora. Comparisons will be made to the Atlantic slave system.

    Terms: This course is not scheduled for the 2015-2016 academic year.

    Instructors: There are no professors associated with this course for the 2015-2016 academic year.

    • Prerequisites: HIST 200 or HIST 213 or permission of instructor.

    • Restriction: Not open to students who have taken HIST 467.

Islamic Studies

  • ISLA 360 Islam and Politics (3 credits)

    Offered by: Islamic Studies (Faculty of Arts)

    Overview

    Islamic Studies : Assessment of the relationship between Islam and politics in the contemporary Middle East and Africa through various analytic themes, including political economy, social movement and gendered analysis.

    Terms: This course is not scheduled for the 2015-2016 academic year.

    Instructors: There are no professors associated with this course for the 2015-2016 academic year.

    • Fall

    • Prerequisite: ISLA 210 or permission of instructor.

  • ISLA 410 History: Middle-East 1798-1918 (3 credits)

    Offered by: Islamic Studies (Faculty of Arts)

    Overview

    Islamic Studies : A study of the Middle East from Napoleon's invasion of Egypt to the end of WWI. Emphasis will be on the emergence of nationalisms in the context of European imperialism; political, social, and economic transformation; religion and ideology; and changing patterns of alliances.

    Terms: This course is not scheduled for the 2015-2016 academic year.

    Instructors: There are no professors associated with this course for the 2015-2016 academic year.

    • 3 hours

  • ISLA 521D1 Introductory Arabic (4.5 credits)

    Offered by: Islamic Studies (Faculty of Arts)

    Overview

    Islamic Studies : Modern Standard Arabic. Focus on the development of speaking, listening, reading and writing skills, with an emphasis on the functional use of the language.

    Terms: Fall 2015

    Instructors: Chamsine, Chirine; Nancekivell, David (Fall)

    • Fall and Winter

    • 5 lecture hours and laboratory

    • Prerequisite: Placement Test or permission of instructor

    • Students must register for both ISLA 521D1 and ISLA 521D2.

    • No credit will be given for this course unless both ISLA 521D1 and ISLA 521D2 are successfully completed in consecutive terms

  • ISLA 521D2 Introductory Arabic (4.5 credits)

    Offered by: Islamic Studies (Faculty of Arts)

    Overview

    Islamic Studies : See ISLA 521D1 for course description.

    Terms: Winter 2016

    Instructors: Chamsine, Chirine; Nancekivell, David (Winter)

    • Winter

    • Prerequisite: ISLA 521D1

    • No credit will be given for this course unless both ISLA 521D1 and ISLA 521D2 are successfully completed in consecutive terms

Political Science

* Note: Course is counted only when African materials are taught.

  • POLI 227 Developing Areas/Introduction (3 credits)

    Offered by: Political Science (Faculty of Arts)

    Overview

    Political Science : An introduction to Third World politics. A comparative examination of the legacies of colonialism, the achievement of independence, and contemporary dynamics of political and socio-economic development in Africa, Asia and Latin America. Topics include modernization, dependency, state-building and national integration, revolution, the role of the military, and democratization.

    Terms: Winter 2016

    Instructors: Oxhorn, Philip (Winter)

    • Note: The area in the field of Comparative Politics is Developing Areas.

  • POLI 324 Developing Areas/Africa (3 credits)

    Offered by: Political Science (Faculty of Arts)

    Overview

    Political Science : The government and politics of African states south of the Sahara with reference to the ideological and institutional setting as influenced by the forces of tradition and the impact of Western colonialism.

    Terms: Fall 2015

    Instructors: Medani, Khalid (Fall)

    • Prerequisite: A basic course in Comparative Politics or a course on the region or written permission of the instructor

    • Note: The area in the field of Comparative Politics is Developing Areas.

  • POLI 522 Seminar: Developing Areas (3 credits) *

    Offered by: Political Science (Faculty of Arts)

    Overview

    Political Science : Seminar on developing areas. Topic varies year to year.

    Terms: Fall 2015

    Instructors: Kuhonta, Erik (Fall)

    • Prerequisite: At least one upper-level course in the politics of developing areas.

    • Restriction: Open to graduate students, final year honours students, and other advanced undergraduates with permission of instructor; (Note: The field is Comparative Politics in Developing Areas).

Sociology

  • SOCI 365 Health and Development (3 credits)

    Offered by: Sociology (Faculty of Arts)

    Overview

    Sociology (Arts) : Main concepts and controversies linking health to broader social and economic conditions in low income countries. Topics include the demographic and epidemiological transitions, the health and wealth conundrum, the social determinants of health, health as an economic development strategy, and the impact of the AIDS pandemic.

    Terms: Winter 2016

    Instructors: Quamruzzaman, Amm (Winter)

  • SOCI 370 Sociology: Gender and Development (3 credits)

    Offered by: Sociology (Faculty of Arts)

    Overview

    Sociology (Arts) : Exploration of the main development theories and discussion of how gender is placed within them, analysis of the practical application of development projects and discussion of how they affect gender dynamics, and examination of power relations between development agencies and developing countries. Examples from Sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America are used.

    Terms: Fall 2015

    Instructors: Roychowdhury, Poulami (Fall)

  • SOCI 446 Colonialism and Society (3 credits)

    Offered by: Sociology (Faculty of Arts)

    Overview

    Sociology (Arts) : Forms that colonialism took, its impact on colonial societies, and its modern legacies, focusing on overseas colonialism between 1600 and the 1970s.

    Terms: Winter 2016

    Instructors: Lange, Matthew (Winter)

    • Prerequisite: SOCI 210 or permission from instructor.

  • SOCI 484 Emerging Democratic States (3 credits)

    Offered by: Sociology (Faculty of Arts)

    Overview

    Sociology (Arts) : Focus on the sociological aspects of recent transitions to democracy within developing countries - particularly within Sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America. Exploration of why democratization has taken place, to what extent it has been successful and the implications of democratization.

    Terms: This course is not scheduled for the 2015-2016 academic year.

    Instructors: There are no professors associated with this course for the 2015-2016 academic year.

  • SOCI 513 Social Aspects HIV/AIDS in Africa (3 credits)

    Offered by: Sociology (Faculty of Arts)

    Overview

    Sociology (Arts) : Examination of the social causes and consequences of HIV/AIDS in Africa. Gender inequality, sexual behaviours, marriage systems, migration, and poverty are shaping the pandemic as well as how the pandemic is altering social, demographic and economic conditions across Africa.

    Terms: This course is not scheduled for the 2015-2016 academic year.

    Instructors: There are no professors associated with this course for the 2015-2016 academic year.

  • SOCI 550 Developing Societies (3 credits)

    Offered by: Sociology (Faculty of Arts)

    Overview

    Sociology (Arts) : Comparison of alternative explanations of underdevelopment: the impact of social stratification, relations of domination and subordination between countries, state interference with the market. Alternative strategies of change: revolution, structural adjustment, community development and cooperatives. Students will write and present a research paper, and participate extensively in class discussion.

    Terms: Winter 2016

    Instructors: Roychowdhury, Poulami (Winter)

Faculty of Arts—2015-2016 (last updated Aug. 20, 2015) (disclaimer)
Back to top